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environmental economic issues

  • 1 environmental economic issues

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > environmental economic issues

  • 2 environmental economics

    1. экономика охраны окружающей среды
    2. экономика окружающей среды

     

    экономика окружающей среды
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    environmental economics
    A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    экономика охраны окружающей среды
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > environmental economics

  • 3 вопросы экономики окружающей среды

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > вопросы экономики окружающей среды

  • 4 экономика окружающей среды

    1. environmental economics

     

    экономика окружающей среды
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    environmental economics
    A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экономика окружающей среды

  • 5 factor

    m.
    factor.
    * * *
    1 (gen) factor
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    factor, -a
    1. SM / F
    1) (Com) (=representante) agent, factor
    2) (Ferro) freight clerk
    2. SM
    1) (Mat) factor
    2) (=elemento) factor, element

    el factor suerte — the luck factor, the element of chance

    * * *
    1) (elemento, causa) factor
    2) (Mat) factor
    * * *
    = factor, issue.
    Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    Ex. These issues are reviewed more thoroughly in chapter 10.
    ----
    * factor clave = key success factor, key factor.
    * factor condicionante = conditioning factor.
    * factor + contribuir = factor + contribute.
    * factor de atracción = pull factor.
    * factor decisivo = deciding factor, decisive factor, decider.
    * factor decisorio = decider.
    * factor de impacto = impact factor.
    * factor de impacto de la revista = journal impact, journal impact factor.
    * factor de impacto web = Web impact factor (WIF/Web-IF).
    * factor de multiplicación = multiplier.
    * factor de ponderación = weighting factor.
    * factor de rechazo = push factor.
    * factor de riesgo = risk factor.
    * factor determinante = determinant, determining factor.
    * factores económicos = economic forces.
    * factores políticos = political forces.
    * factores sociales = social forces.
    * factor estresante = stressor.
    * factor humano = human factor.
    * factor impacto en la web = Web impact factor (WIF/Web-IF).
    * factor importante = major force.
    * factor + influir = thread + pull upon.
    * factor influyente = force, influencer, force multiplier.
    * factor nivelador = levelling force.
    * factor socioeconómico = socioeconomic factor.
    * factor sorpresa = cuckoo factor, element of surprise.
    * factor tiempo = time factor.
    * factor vital = vital factor.
    * ponderación por factores = factor loading.
    * servir de factor de predicción de = be predictive of.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.
    * * *
    1) (elemento, causa) factor
    2) (Mat) factor
    * * *
    = factor, issue.

    Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.

    Ex: These issues are reviewed more thoroughly in chapter 10.
    * factor clave = key success factor, key factor.
    * factor condicionante = conditioning factor.
    * factor + contribuir = factor + contribute.
    * factor de atracción = pull factor.
    * factor decisivo = deciding factor, decisive factor, decider.
    * factor decisorio = decider.
    * factor de impacto = impact factor.
    * factor de impacto de la revista = journal impact, journal impact factor.
    * factor de impacto web = Web impact factor (WIF/Web-IF).
    * factor de multiplicación = multiplier.
    * factor de ponderación = weighting factor.
    * factor de rechazo = push factor.
    * factor de riesgo = risk factor.
    * factor determinante = determinant, determining factor.
    * factores económicos = economic forces.
    * factores políticos = political forces.
    * factores sociales = social forces.
    * factor estresante = stressor.
    * factor humano = human factor.
    * factor impacto en la web = Web impact factor (WIF/Web-IF).
    * factor importante = major force.
    * factor + influir = thread + pull upon.
    * factor influyente = force, influencer, force multiplier.
    * factor nivelador = levelling force.
    * factor socioeconómico = socioeconomic factor.
    * factor sorpresa = cuckoo factor, element of surprise.
    * factor tiempo = time factor.
    * factor vital = vital factor.
    * ponderación por factores = factor loading.
    * servir de factor de predicción de = be predictive of.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.

    * * *
    A (elemento, causa) factor
    el factor tiempo the time factor
    varios factores incidieron en su desarrollo several factors influenced its development
    también interviene el factor suerte there's an element of luck o chance too
    Compuestos:
    safety factor
    human factor
    Rh factor, rhesus factor
    B ( Mat) factor
    Compuestos:
    common factor
    constant
    masculine, feminine
    1 ( Com) factor
    2 ( Ferr) luggage clerk
    3 ( ant) ( Mil) quartermaster
    * * *

     

    factor sustantivo masculino
    factor;

    factor sustantivo masculino factor

    ' factor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    condicionamiento
    - decantar
    - factorial
    - índice
    - agravante
    - atenuante
    - clave
    - determinante
    - imprescindible
    - imprevisible
    - imprevisto
    - incógnita
    - secundario
    English:
    consideration
    - deciding
    - determining
    - factor
    - key
    - Rh (factor)
    - advantage
    - decisive
    - environmental
    - minus
    - mitigate
    - thing
    - vital
    - weigh
    * * *
    factor1 nm
    1. [elemento] factor;
    el precio del petróleo es el factor clave the price of oil is the key factor;
    sin olvidar el factor tiempo without forgetting the time factor;
    factor (de protección) 8 [de crema solar] factor 8 (protection)
    Dep factor campo:
    tienen la ventaja del factor campo they have home advantage;
    factor humano human factor;
    Econ factores de producción factors of production, factor inputs;
    factor Rh Rh factor;
    factor riesgo risk factor
    2. Mat factor
    factor común common factor
    factor2, -ora nm,f
    1. Com agent, Espec factor
    2. Ferroc luggage clerk
    * * *
    m factor
    * * *
    factor, - tora n
    1) : agent, factor
    2) : baggage clerk
    factor nm
    elemento: factor, element
    * * *
    factor n factor

    Spanish-English dictionary > factor

  • 6 opportunity cost

    альтернативные затраты, издержки [затраты\] упущенных возможностей
    а) эк. (реальная, экономическая стоимость использования некоторого ресурса, представляющая собой неполученный доход от наилучшего альтернативного использования этого ресурса)

    Low wages mean that time has a low opportunity cost. — Низкий уровень зарплаты означает, что время имеет небольшую альтернативную стоимость.

    б) эк. (реальная стоимость производства какого-л. продукта, измеренная в количестве другого продукта, который можно было произвести из ресурсов, затраченных на производство данного продукта; если альтернативных продуктов несколько, экономическая логика требует выбрать для измерения наиболее ценный; термин opportunity cost впервые употребил D. Green в статье "Pain Cost and Opportunity Cost" в 1894 г., где предложил его использование вместо прежней, некорректной с экономической точки зрения концепции реальных затрат; далее популяризации термина в англоязычной литературе способствовал Ф. Найт)

    Since a Canadian worker can make either two cars a year or 30 bushels of wheat, the opportunity cost of a car is 15 bushels of wheat. — Так как один канадский рабочий может произвести за год либо 2 автомобиля, либо 30 бушелей пшеницы, альтернативной стоимостью автомобиля являются 15 бушелей пшеницы.

    Hawaii is the largest producer of coffee in the U.S. However the opportunity cost of growing more coffee is too high (tourism, vacation resorts, environmental issues) to grow more coffee in Hawaii. — Крупнейшим производителем кофе в США являются Гавайи. Но увеличение производства кофе на Гавайях будет иметь слишком высокую альтернативную стоимость (придется пожертвовать туризмом и урезать территорию курортов, появятся дополнительные экологические проблемы).

    Syn:
    Ant:
    See:

    * * *
    цена возможности; упущенная прибыль: 1) максимально высокая доходность, которую можно получить в случае использования альтернативного метода инвестиций (также процесс сопоставления с альтернативными инвестициями); сегодняшняя стоимость дохода, который может быть получен в результате инвестиций в наиболее привлекательную альтернативу рассматриваемым инвестициям; = alternative cost; 2) упущенная прибыль: издержки выбора инвестиций с меньшим доходом и большим риском в надежде на повышенную прибыль (напр., отказ от ценных бумаг с доходом в 10% в пользу бумаг с доходом в 6% и большим потенциалом роста курса несет безусловный убыток в 4%).
    * * *
    • "цена шанса"
    * * *
    альтернативные издержки; вмененные издержки; максимальная цена шанса; цена шанса; стоимость альтернативы; упущенная выгода; наивысшая стоимость альтернативы
    . . Словарь экономических терминов .
    * * *
    максимальная выгода, которая возможна при использовании ограниченных ресурсов для определенных целей
    -----
    стоимость производства товара или услуги, измеряемая с точки зрения потерянной возможности заниматься наилучшим из доступных альтернативных видов деятельности, требующим того же самого времени или тех же ресурсов

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > opportunity cost

  • 7 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 8 экономика окружающей среды

    1. Umweltökonomie

     

    экономика окружающей среды
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    environmental economics
    A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экономика окружающей среды

  • 9 économie de l'environnement

    1. экономика окружающей среды

     

    экономика окружающей среды
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    environmental economics
    A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > économie de l'environnement

  • 10 Umweltökonomie

    1. экономика окружающей среды

     

    экономика окружающей среды
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    environmental economics
    A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltökonomie

  • 11 экономика окружающей среды

    1. économie de l'environnement

     

    экономика окружающей среды
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    environmental economics
    A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экономика окружающей среды

  • 12 Article 72

    1. The joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation includes:
    a) providing for the correspondence of the constitutions and laws of the Republics, the charters and other normative legal acts of the territories, regions, cities of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal laws;
    b) protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; protection of the rights of national minorities; ensuring the rule of law, law and order, public security, border zone regime; c) issues of possession, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources; d) delimitation of state property; e) nature utilization, protection of the environment and ensuring ecological safety; specially protected natural territories, protection of historical and cultural monuments; f) general issues of upbringing, education, science, culture, physical culture and sports; g) coordination of issues of health care; protection of the family, maternity, paternity and childhood; social protection, including social security; h) carrying out measures against catastrophes, natural calamities, epidemics, elimination of their aftermath; i) establishment of common principles of taxation and dues in the Russian Federation; j) administrative, administrative procedure, labour, family, housing, land, water, and forest legislation; legislation on subsoil and environmental protection; k) personnel of the judicial and law enforcement agencies; the Bar, notaryship; l) protection of traditional living habitat and of traditional way of life of small ethnic communities; m) establishment of common principles of organization of the system of bodies of state authority and local self-government; n) coordination of international and foreign economic relations of the subjects of the Russian Federation, fulfillment of international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation.
    2. Provisions of this Article shall be equally valid for the Republics, territories, regions, cities of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas.
    __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 72[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 72[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 72[/ref]>

    The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 72

  • 13 planificación

    f.
    1 planning, projection, scheduling, planification.
    2 scheme.
    * * *
    1 planning
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF [gen] planning; (Inform) scheduling
    * * *
    femenino planning
    * * *
    = planning, business plan, scheduling, drawing board.
    Ex. This planning phase involves moving from a vague impression that a thesaurus might be useful to a fairly precise profile for the thesaurus.
    Ex. Orchestrated technological implementation must be a part of every library's business plan.
    Ex. Closed doors should be flung open and scheduling changed to allow systematic examination of professional and organisational questions.
    Ex. The article 'Bibliographic records enhancement: from the drawing board to the catalog screen' discusses some issues related to the creation of enhanced records and their display in on-line catalogues.
    ----
    * centro de planificación familiar = family planning clinic, planned parenthood centre.
    * comité de planificación = planning committee.
    * etapa de planificación = planning stage.
    * metodología de planificación = planning methodology.
    * planificación alternativa = contingency planning.
    * planificación bibliotecaria = library planning.
    * planificación comunitaria = community planning.
    * planificación contra desastres = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * planificación contra emergencias = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * planificación contra siniestros = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * planificación de contingencia = contingency planning.
    * planificación de emergencia = disaster recovery planning.
    * planificación del diseño = design planning.
    * planificación de recuperación tras siniestros = disaster recovery planning.
    * planificación estratégica = strategic planning.
    * planificación familiar = family planning, planned parenthood.
    * planificación para el futuro = future proofing.
    * planificación previa = foreplanning.
    * planificación sensible al género = gender planning.
    * planificación urbanística = urban planning.
    * reorganizar la planificación = refocus + planning.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * volver a la etapa de planificación = return to + the drawing boards, back to the drawing board.
    * * *
    femenino planning
    * * *
    = planning, business plan, scheduling, drawing board.

    Ex: This planning phase involves moving from a vague impression that a thesaurus might be useful to a fairly precise profile for the thesaurus.

    Ex: Orchestrated technological implementation must be a part of every library's business plan.
    Ex: Closed doors should be flung open and scheduling changed to allow systematic examination of professional and organisational questions.
    Ex: The article 'Bibliographic records enhancement: from the drawing board to the catalog screen' discusses some issues related to the creation of enhanced records and their display in on-line catalogues.
    * centro de planificación familiar = family planning clinic, planned parenthood centre.
    * comité de planificación = planning committee.
    * etapa de planificación = planning stage.
    * metodología de planificación = planning methodology.
    * planificación alternativa = contingency planning.
    * planificación bibliotecaria = library planning.
    * planificación comunitaria = community planning.
    * planificación contra desastres = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * planificación contra emergencias = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * planificación contra siniestros = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * planificación de contingencia = contingency planning.
    * planificación de emergencia = disaster recovery planning.
    * planificación del diseño = design planning.
    * planificación de recuperación tras siniestros = disaster recovery planning.
    * planificación estratégica = strategic planning.
    * planificación familiar = family planning, planned parenthood.
    * planificación para el futuro = future proofing.
    * planificación previa = foreplanning.
    * planificación sensible al género = gender planning.
    * planificación urbanística = urban planning.
    * reorganizar la planificación = refocus + planning.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * volver a la etapa de planificación = return to + the drawing boards, back to the drawing board.

    * * *
    planning
    Compuestos:
    family planning
    urban o town planning
    * * *

     

    planificación sustantivo femenino
    planning;

    planificación sustantivo femenino planning
    planificación familiar, family planning, birth control

    ' planificación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    familiar
    - programación
    - centro
    English:
    birth control
    - family planning
    - forward
    - planning
    - family
    - in
    - planned
    * * *
    planning
    planificación ambiental environmental planning;
    planificación económica economic planning;
    planificación familiar family planning;
    * * *
    f planning
    * * *
    : planning
    planificación familiar: family planning

    Spanish-English dictionary > planificación

  • 14 shift

    1. transitive verb
    1) (move) verrücken, umstellen [Möbel]; wegnehmen [Arm, Hand, Fuß]; wegräumen [Schutt]; entfernen [Schmutz, Fleck]; (to another floor, room, or place) verlegen [Büro, Patienten, Schauplatz]

    shift the responsibility/blame on to somebody — (fig.) die Verantwortung/Schuld auf jemanden schieben

    2) (Amer. Motor Veh.)
    2. intransitive verb
    1) [Wind:] drehen (to nach); [Ladung:] verrutschen

    shift uneasily in one's chair — unruhig auf dem Stuhl hin und her rutschen

    2) (manage)
    3) (coll.): (move quickly) rasen
    4) (Amer. Motor Veh.): (change gear) schalten

    shift down into second gear — in den zweiten Gang runterschalten (ugs.)

    3. noun
    1)

    a shift in values/public opinion — ein Wandel der Wertvorstellungen/ein Umschwung der öffentlichen Meinung

    a shift towards/away from liberalism — eine Hinwendung zum/Abwendung vom Liberalismus

    2) (for work) Schicht, die

    eight-hour/late shift — Achtstunden-/Spätschicht, die

    do or work the late shift — Spätschicht haben

    3)

    make shift with/without something — sich (Dat.) mit/ohne etwas behelfen

    4) (of typewriter) Umschaltung, die
    5) (Amer. Motor Veh.): (gear change) Schaltung, die
    * * *
    [ʃift] 1. verb
    1) (to change (the) position or direction (of): We spent the whole evening shifting furniture around; The wind shifted to the west overnight.) verschieben,umspringen
    2) (to transfer: She shifted the blame on to me.) abschieben
    3) (to get rid of: This detergent shifts stains.) entfernen
    2. noun
    1) (a change (of position etc): a shift of emphasis.) die Veränderung
    2) (a group of people who begin work on a job when another group stop work: The night shift does the heavy work.) die Schicht
    3) (the period during which such a group works: an eight-hour shift; ( also adjective) shift work.) die Schicht; Schicht-...
    •
    - academic.ru/66614/shiftless">shiftless
    - shiftlessness
    - shifty
    - shiftily
    - shiftiness
    * * *
    [ʃɪft]
    I. vt
    ▪ to \shift sth etw [weg]bewegen; (move slightly) furniture etw verschieben
    we \shifted all the furniture into the spare bedroom wir haben die ganzen Möbel in das freie Zimmer gebracht
    to \shift sth out of the way etw aus dem Weg räumen [o wegräumen
    2. (transfer elsewhere)
    to \shift the blame die Schuld abwälzen
    to \shift the blame onto sb die Schuld auf jdn abwälzen, jdm die Schuld zuschieben
    to \shift the emphasis die Betonung [o Gewichtung] verlagern [o verändern]
    to \shift one's ground seinen Standpunkt ändern
    to \shift one's weight das Gewicht verlagern
    to \shift gears schalten
    4. BRIT, AUS ( fam: get rid of)
    ▪ to \shift sth etw entfernen [o fam wegmachen] [o ÖSTERR fam wegtun]
    to \shift stains Flecken entfernen [o fam rausmachen] [o ÖSTERR fam rausputzen
    5. BRIT, AUS ( fam: sell)
    ▪ to \shift sth etw verkaufen
    ▪ to \shift sth etw umschalten
    II. vi
    1. (move) sich akk bewegen; (change position) die [o seine] Position verändern
    it won't \shift es lässt sich nicht bewegen
    she \shifted uneasily from one foot to the other sie trat unruhig von einem Fuß auf den anderen
    the wind is \shifting to the east der Wind dreht nach Osten
    the balance of power has \shifted in China's favour das Gleichgewicht der Kräfte hat sich zu Gunsten Chinas verlagert
    media attention has \shifted recently onto environmental issues die Medien haben ihr Interesse neuerdings den Umweltthemen zugewandt
    his eyes kept \shifting to the clock seine Augen wanderten ständig zur Uhr
    ▪ to \shift up/down hinauf-/hinunterschalten
    to \shift into reverse den Rückwärtsgang einlegen
    3. BRIT (sl: move over)
    would you \shift mach mal bitte Platz fam, rutsch mal rüber fam
    4. ( dated: fend)
    to \shift for oneself für sich akk selbst sorgen, allein zurechtkommen
    5. BRIT ( fam: move very fast) schnell fahren
    that car can really \shift! dieses Auto zieht wirklich gut
    III. n
    1. (alteration) Wechsel m, Änderung f
    there was an abrupt \shift of economic policy in November im November kam es zu einem plötzlichen Kurswechsel in der Wirtschaftspolitik
    a \shift in the temperature is expected tonight heute Nacht soll die Temperatur umschlagen
    a fundamental \shift in people's attitudes to drinking and driving has taken place die Einstellung der Leute gegenüber Alkohol am Steuer hat sich grundlegend geändert
    a \shift in the balance of power eine Verlagerung im Gleichgewicht der Kräfte
    a \shift in opinion ein Meinungsumschwung m
    2. LING Lautverschiebung f
    consonant/vowel \shift Konsonanten-/Vokalverschiebung f
    3. (period of work) Schicht f
    day/night \shift Tag-/Nachtschicht f
    to be on the night \shift Nachtschicht haben
    to work in \shifts Schicht arbeiten, Schichtdienst machen
    4. + sing/pl vb (people working a shift) Schicht f
    5. (type of dress) Hänger m
    * * *
    [ʃɪft]
    1. n
    1) (= change) Änderung f; (in policy, opinion) Wandel m, Änderung f; (LING) Verschiebung f; (MUS) Lagenwechsel m; (from one place to another) Verlegung f

    this shows a shift away from the government — dies lässt eine für die Regierung ungünstige Tendenz erkennen

    2) (AUT: gear shift) Schaltung f
    3) (= period at work, group of workers) Schicht f
    4) (= stratagem) List f, Kniff m; (= expedient) Ausweg m

    to make shift with/without sth — sich mit/ohne etw behelfen

    5) (= dress) Hemdkleid nt; (old = undergarment) Hemd nt
    2. vt
    1) (= move) (von der Stelle) bewegen; screw, nail loskriegen, rauskriegen; lid abkriegen; cork rauskriegen; furniture verrücken; head, arm wegnehmen; (from one place to another) verlagern, verschieben; offices etc verlegen; rubble, boulder wegräumen

    he stood shifting his weight from foot to foot — er trat von einem Fuß auf den anderen

    they shifted him to Munich —

    2) (inf: get rid of) loswerden
    3) (US AUT)
    4) (inf) food verputzen (inf); drink schlucken (inf)
    3. vi
    1) (= move) sich bewegen; (ballast, cargo) sich verlagern; (scene) wechseln; (wind) umspringen; (from one's opinion) abgehen

    he shifted out of the way —

    shift over, you're taking up too much room — rück mal rüber, du nimmst zu viel Platz weg!

    he refused to shift (fig) — er war nicht umzustimmen

    2) (AUT) schalten
    3) (Brit inf = move quickly) flitzen (inf), rasen
    4)

    (= manage) to shift for oneself — sich (dat) (selbst) behelfen

    * * *
    shift [ʃıft]
    A v/i
    1. den Platz oder die Lage wechseln, sich bewegen:
    shift from one foot to the other von einem Fuß auf den anderen treten;
    shift uneasily on one’s chair unruhig auf seinem Stuhl hin und her rutschen
    2. fig sich verlagern ( auch JUR Beweislast), sich verwandeln (auch Schauplatz, Szene), sich verschieben ( auch LING Laut), wechseln
    3. die Wohnung wechseln, umziehen
    4. auch shift along fig sich notdürftig durchschlagen:
    shift for o.s.
    a) auf sich selbst gestellt sein,
    b) sich selbst (weiter)helfen
    5. fig Ausflüchte machen
    6. AUTO, TECH schalten:
    shift up (down) AUTO hinaufschalten (herunterschalten); → gear A 3 b
    7. Kugelstoßen: angleiten
    8. SCHIFF sich verlagern, überschießen (Ballast oder Ladung)
    9. oft shift round sich drehen (Wind)
    10. umg
    a) meist shift away sich davonstehlen
    b) sich beeilen
    B v/t
    1. (um-, aus)wechseln, (aus)tauschen, verändern:
    shift one’s lodging → A 3; → ground1 A 7
    2. verlagern, -schieben, -legen (alle auch fig):
    shift one’s weight das Gewicht verlagern;
    shift the scene to den Schauplatz verlegen nach;
    he shifted his attention to other matters er wandte seine Aufmerksamkeit anderen Dingen zu
    3. einen Betrieb etc umstellen (to auf akk)
    4. THEAT Kulissen schieben
    5. befördern, bringen ( beide:
    from, out of von;
    to nach)
    6. die Schuld, Verantwortung (ab)schieben, abwälzen ( beide:
    onto auf akk)
    7. jemanden loswerden
    8. umpflanzen
    9. shift gears bes US fig umschalten, wechseln; → gear A 3 b
    10. TECH verstellen, einen Hebel umlegen
    11. LING einen Laut verschieben
    12. SCHIFF
    a) die Ladung umstauen
    13. die Kleidung wechseln
    14. US umg Speise, Getränk wegputzen:
    shift a few ein paar kippen
    C s
    1. Wechsel m, Verschiebung f, -änderung f:
    shift of one’s weight Gewichtsverlagerung f;
    shift of emphasis fig Gewichtsverlagerung f, Akzentverschiebung;
    shift in opinion Meinungsumschwung m
    2. (Arbeits)Schicht f (Arbeiter oder Arbeitszeit):
    shift allowance Schichtzuschlag m;
    shift boss US Schichtmeister m;
    work in shifts Schicht arbeiten
    3. Ausweg m, Hilfsmittel n, Notbehelf m:
    a) sich notdürftig durchschlagen,
    b) es fertigbringen ( to do zu tun),
    c) sich behelfen ( with mit; without ohne)
    4. Kniff m, List f, Trick m, Ausflucht f
    5. shift of crop AGR bes Br Fruchtwechsel m
    6. press shift COMPUT die Shift-Taste drücken
    7. Kugelstoßen: Angleiten n
    8. GEOL Verwerfung f
    9. MUS
    a) Lagenwechsel m (bei Streichinstrumenten)
    b) Zugwechsel m (Posaune)
    c) Verschiebung f (linkes Pedal beim Flügel etc)
    10. LING Lautverschiebung f
    11. obs (Unter)Hemd n (der Frau)
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (move) verrücken, umstellen [Möbel]; wegnehmen [Arm, Hand, Fuß]; wegräumen [Schutt]; entfernen [Schmutz, Fleck]; (to another floor, room, or place) verlegen [Büro, Patienten, Schauplatz]

    shift the responsibility/blame on to somebody — (fig.) die Verantwortung/Schuld auf jemanden schieben

    2) (Amer. Motor Veh.)
    2. intransitive verb
    1) [Wind:] drehen (to nach); [Ladung:] verrutschen
    3) (coll.): (move quickly) rasen
    4) (Amer. Motor Veh.): (change gear) schalten
    3. noun
    1)

    a shift in values/public opinion — ein Wandel der Wertvorstellungen/ein Umschwung der öffentlichen Meinung

    a shift towards/away from liberalism — eine Hinwendung zum/Abwendung vom Liberalismus

    2) (for work) Schicht, die

    eight-hour/late shift — Achtstunden-/Spätschicht, die

    do or work the late shift — Spätschicht haben

    3)

    make shift with/without something — sich (Dat.) mit/ohne etwas behelfen

    4) (of typewriter) Umschaltung, die
    5) (Amer. Motor Veh.): (gear change) Schaltung, die
    * * *
    (work) n.
    Arbeitsschicht f.
    Schicht -en f. n.
    Umschaltung f.
    Verlagerung f. (on, upon) v.
    abschieben (Verantwortung) v.
    abwälzen (auf) v. v.
    Platz (Lage)
    wechseln ausdr.
    austauschen v.
    auswechseln v.
    schalten v.
    sich bewegen v.
    sich verlagern (Ballast, Ladung) v.
    sich verlagern v.
    sich verschieben v.
    sich verwandeln v.
    tauschen v.
    umlegen v.
    umschalten v.
    umwechseln v.
    verstellen v.
    wechseln v.
    wegputzen (Essen) v.

    English-german dictionary > shift

  • 15 shift

    [ʃɪft] vt
    1) ( move)
    to \shift sth etw [weg]bewegen;
    ( move slightly) furniture etw verschieben;
    we \shifted all the furniture into the spare bedroom wir haben die ganzen Möbel in das freie Zimmer gebracht;
    to \shift sth out of the way etw aus dem Weg räumen [o wegräumen];
    to \shift the blame die Schuld abwälzen;
    to \shift the blame onto sb die Schuld auf jdn abwälzen, jdm die Schuld zuschieben;
    to \shift the emphasis die Betonung [o Gewichtung] verlagern [o verändern];
    to \shift one's ground seinen Standpunkt ändern;
    to \shift one's weight das Gewicht verlagern
    3) ( esp Am) mech
    to \shift gears schalten
    4) (Brit, Aus) (fam: get rid of)
    to \shift sth etw entfernen [o ( fam) wegmachen];
    to \shift stains Flecken entfernen [o ( fam) rausmachen];
    5) (Brit, Aus) (fam: sell)
    to \shift sth etw verkaufen vi
    1) ( move) sich akk bewegen;
    ( change position) die [o seine] Position verändern;
    it won't \shift es lässt sich nicht bewegen;
    she \shifted uneasily from one foot to the other sie trat unruhig von einem Fuß auf den anderen;
    the wind is \shifting to the east der Wind dreht nach Osten;
    the balance of power has \shifted in China's favour das Gleichgewicht der Kräfte hat sich zugunsten Chinas verlagert;
    media attention has \shifted recently onto environmental issues die Medien haben ihr Interesse neuerdings den Umweltthemen zugewandt;
    his eyes kept \shifting to the clock seine Augen wanderten ständig zur Uhr
    2) ( esp Am) auto
    to \shift up/ down hinauf-/hinunterschalten;
    to \shift into reverse den Rückwärtsgang einlegen
    3) ( Brit) (sl: move over)
    would you \shift mach mal bitte Platz ( fam), rutsch mal rüber ( fam)
    4) (dated: fend)
    to \shift for oneself für sich akk selbst sorgen, allein zurechtkommen
    5) ( Brit) (fam: move very fast) schnell fahren;
    that car can really \shift! dieses Auto zieht wirklich gut n
    1) ( alteration) Wechsel m, Änderung f;
    there was an abrupt \shift of economic policy in November im November kam es zu einem plötzlichen Kurswechsel in der Wirtschaftspolitik;
    a \shift in the temperature is expected tonight heute Nacht soll die Temperatur umschlagen;
    a fundamental \shift in people's attitudes to drinking and driving has taken place die Einstellung der Leute gegenüber Alkohol am Steuer hat sich grundlegend geändert;
    a \shift in the balance of power eine Verlagerung im Gleichgewicht der Kräfte;
    a \shift in opinion ein Meinungsumschwung m
    2) ling Lautverschiebung f;
    consonant/vowel \shift Konsonanten-/Vokalverschiebung f
    3) ( period of work) Schicht f;
    day/night \shift Tag-/Nachtschicht f;
    to be on the night \shift Nachtschicht haben;
    to work in \shifts Schicht arbeiten, Schichtdienst machen
    4) + sing/ pl vb ( people working a shift) Schicht f
    5) ( type of dress) Hänger m

    English-German students dictionary > shift

  • 16 crisis management

    1. Кризисное управление
    2. антикризисное управление

     

    антикризисное управление
    Процесс, отвечающий за управление непрерывностью бизнеса в самом широком смысле. Команда антикризисного управления отвечает за стратегические вопросы, такие как управление взаимодействием со средствами массовой информации и доверие акционеров, а также принимает решение об инициации планов непрерывности бизнеса.
    [Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

    EN

    crisis management
    Crisis management is the process responsible for managing the wider implications of business continuity. A crisis management team is responsible for strategic issues such as managing media relations and shareholder confidence, and decides when to invoke business continuity plans.
    [Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    кризисное управление
    Действия, направленные на поддержание репутации компании и ее кредитоспособности, если она попала в «щекотливую» ситуацию. Если компания «набедокурила», разлила нефть в лесах амазонки, или просто прошел слух о ее предстоящем разорении, крути - не крути, а акции ее тут же упадут в цене. В этом случае управление компанией принимает на себя кризисный менеджмент. Он будет работать на два направления – внешнее и внутреннее. В первом случае, PR отдел будет успокаивать кредиторов и широкую общественность, доказывать, что нефть не только соберут в кратчайшие сроки, но и новую березовую аллею на этом месте посадят, что близость к банкротству – это всего лишь сезонные колебания на рынке и не более того. В это же время внутри компании будут разработаны и приняты меры по устранению реальной угрозы – последствий экологического бедствия и финансового кризиса. Скорее всего, пройду сокращения, увольнения, реструктуризация. И если внешний и внутренний кризисный менеджмент будет осуществлен качественно, компания, скорее всего, останется на плаву.
    [ http://www.lexikon.ru/rekl/a_eng.html]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    кризисное управление
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    crisis management
    The technique, practice or science of handling or controlling situations of acute difficulty, danger or instability; or the total of measures taken to provide a solution for political, economic, environmental or other similar dangers and conflicts. (Source: ISEP)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > crisis management

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